West Africa, Nigeria, Yoruba, ca. 19th to early 20th century CE. A ceremonial headdress adorned with cowrie shells, cloth, and hide, known among the Yoruba as a "House of the Head." Likely worn by an Oba (divination priest), the headdress represents the ori-inu - the inner spiritual head that guides one's destiny. The form consists of a cloth-covered cap embellished with cowrie shells, supporting a central wooden pole that holds an upright conical finail constructed from layered cloth panels - velvet, cotton, and green leather appliques. At its apex is a bird, wrapped in yarn and cloth, symbolizing spiritual oversight and signaling the wearer's divine lineage. Additional rows of cowrie shells frame each panel and cascade dramatically from both the brim and the bird's tail, adding visual and symbolic weight. Size: 10" Diameter x 16" H (25.4 cm x 40.6 cm); 23.5" H (59.7 cm) on included custom stand.
As traditional currency and markers of prestige, cowries emphasize the power and sacred authority of the wearer. Used in ritual and state ceremonies, these headdresses functioned both as regalia and as portable shrines, affirming the wearer's elevated status in both the spiritual and earthly realms.
Provenance: Ralph T. Coe Center for the Arts, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA; ex-Ralph T. Coe personal collection.
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#196355
Condition
The velvet, cotton, and leather cloth panels exhibit signs of age-related wear. Fading, surface soiling, and fraying are visible, especially along edges and seams. Some moth damage reported on wool components. Cowrie shell coverings are largely intact across the panels, brim, and cascading strands. Some shell strands show minor losses or breaks, particularly around the lower fringe and dangling elements. Overall structurally stable. The form retains its original conical shape with layered cloth and hide intact. The internal support pole and crown remain upright and well-positioned. General surface soiling and dust accumulation consistent with age and ceremonial use. Minor material loss is visible on leather and cloth edging.