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Apr 24, 2026
Partly printed document completed in manuscript. Signed by William Wortham. Houston, 28 June 1865. 2 pages, approx. 8 1/4 x 10 1/4 in. Additionally signed by provost marshal. Docketing to verso.
An amnesty oath signed just days after Union troops entered Texas to restore order and enforce the emancipation of slaves. This oath was signed by William Wortham, a 31-year-old merchant from Crockett County, Texas. By signing this oath, Wortham swore to "faithfully defend the Constitution of the United States and the Union of the States thereunder, and that I will in like manner [abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which] have been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves."
Oaths such as these became especially aplenty after the Reconstruction Act of 1867, which outlined the terms for rebel states' readmission into the United States. Prior to this act, Texas was continuing to bar African Americans from being treated as equal citizens, passing the segregationist Texas Black Codes and failing to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment in its Constitutional Convention in 1866. With the Reconstruction Act, however, this appointed Gen. Philip Sheridan as military governor of the Fifth Military District, which included Texas. During his appointment, Sheridan removed James W. Throckmorton, Texas's governor and former Confederate, for impeding on the state's Reconstruction efforts, and replaced Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease, the Republican who had previously lost.
[Civil War, Union, Confederate] [Manuscripts, Documents, Letters, Ephemera, Signatures, Autographs]
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