Pewter Quill Pen HolderNew Jersey, dated February 1, 1804 and W. Burtis. W. Burtis was born in 1772 and died in 1858 at the age of 86 in Plumstead in Ocean County, New Jersey. He also resided at various times in Upper Freehold, Monmouth County, and in Burlington County, New Jersey.
It is likely that the sentiments represented on the sides of the quill pen holder were in support of American liberty in the political struggle against the Jefferson Embargo Act in December 22, 1807 which did not allow any trade with the British and French.
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a general embargo on all foreign nations enacted by the United States Congress against Great Britain and France during the Napoleonic Wars.
The embargo was imposed in response to violations of United States neutrality, in which American merchantmen and their cargo were seized as contraband of war by the belligerent European navies. The British Royal Navy, in particular, resorted to impressment, forcing thousands of British-American seamen into service on their warships (under British law of the time, having been born British they were still subjects of the Crown). Britain and France, engaged in the Napoleonic Wars, rationalized the plunder of U.S. shipping as incidental to war and necessary for their survival. Americans saw the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair as a particularly egregious example of a British violation of American neutrality. Perceived diplomatic insults and unwarranted official orders issued in support of these actions by European powers were argued by some to be grounds for a U.S. declaration of war.
President Thomas Jefferson acted with restraint as these antagonisms mounted, weighing public support for retaliation. He recommended that Congress respond with commercial warfare, rather than with military mobilization. The Embargo Act was signed coercive measure and was a failure both diplomatically and economically. As implemented, the legislation inflicted devastating burdens on the U.S. economy and the American people.
Widespread evasion of the maritime and inland trade restrictions by American merchants, as well as loopholes in the legislation, greatly reduced the impact of the embargo on the intended targets in Europe. British merchant marine appropriated the lucrative trade routes relinquished by U.S. shippers due to the embargo. Demand for English goods rose in South America, offsetting losses suffered because of Non-Importation Acts. The embargo undermined national unity in the U.S., provoking bitter protests, especially in New England commercial centers. The issue vastly increased support for the Federalist Party and led to huge gains in their representation in Congress and in the electoral college in 1808. The embargo had the effect of simultaneously undermining American citizens' faith that their government could execute its own laws fairly, and strengthening the conviction among America's enemies that its republican form of government was inept and ineffectual. At the end of 15 months, the embargo was revoked on March 1, 1809, in the last days of Jefferson's presidency. Tensions with Britain continued to grow, leading to the War of 1812.
Provenance: Purchased at the estate auction of Gertrude Brick in Crosswicks, NJ. William Burtis (1771-1858) who resided at various times in Monmouth and Burlington Counties, was an ancestor of Miss Brick;
Joseph Hammond, Freehold, New Jersey
1 1/2 x 2 x 1 3/4 in. (3.8 x 5.1 x 4.4 cm.)
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