Central Africa, Zaire (Democratic Republic of Congo), Luba-Hemba people, ca. early 20th century CE. An imposing Luba-Hemba wood helmet mask, carved with serene and dignified facial features beneath an imposing headdress of curved buffalo horns. The face is elegantly modeled, with downcast almond-shaped eyes, a slender nose, and a softly closed mouth framed by refined planes and gentle contours. The coiffure sweeps into an arched frame that extends downward to encircle the cheeks, with finely incised geometric motifs at the forehead that add subtle ornamentation. Time-worn patina reveals the deep age and repeated ritual use of the piece. The anthropo-zoomorphic composition, uniting human visage with the symbolic horns of the buffalo, reflects an iconographic tradition found among the Luba-Hemba and related Western Luntu cultures. Size: 9.5" L x 13.5" W x 16.4" H (24.1 cm x 34.3 cm x 41.7 cm); 24.1" H (61.2 cm) on included custom stand.
The buffalo horns have inspired several interpretations: for some, they recall mythical figures linked to the buffalo within the influential Bambudye brotherhood, guardians of collective memory and esoteric knowledge. For others, the motif echoes associations with hunter brotherhood rites, in which strength, courage, and mastery of the natural world were celebrated. Still others see the form as tied to political authority, for in many Luba-related cultures, helmet masks with curved horns were connected to brotherhoods closely allied with ruling power.
Masks of this type would have been danced in ceremonies that intertwined myth, memory, and authority, possibly marking initiations, funerary rites, or public events reinforcing social hierarchy. The present example embodies the blend of elegance, power, and symbolic resonance that characterizes the finest Luba-Hemba sculptural traditions, making it a significant and culturally rich work of Central African art.
Cf. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren, EO.0.0.23470.
Provenance: Ralph T. Coe Center for the Arts, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, acquired in 2010 via descent; ex-private collection of Ralph T. Coe, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, purchased in August 2005; ex-Taylor "Tad" Dale, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
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#196377
Condition
Old repair to tip of proper right horn with break line visible. Chipping with some minor losses to rim on verso, as well as nicks, scratches, and abrasions to surface as shown, all commensurate with age. Some areas of old, inactive insect damage. Otherwise, very nice overall presentation with good remaining detail and rich patina.